Vol.4
N°.1 (2024) [e
- 2403]
MANAGEMENT-Advanced
Journal
E-
ISSN:3028-9408
https://gestiones.pe/index.php/revista
©
Research
Advanced Studies
Security,
an essential digital skill for users who access the network
(La
seguridad, competencia digital esencial de los usuarios que ingresan
a la red)
==================================================================
Preserved
in Zenodo DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572001
The
Authors are responsible for the information in this article
Security,
an essential digital skill for users who access the network
Claudia
Esmeralda Villela Cervantes 1
*:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-4376
Barbara
Rubi Velasquez Monroy 1
:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-9730
1
University
of
Saint
Carlos
of
Guatemala
*Author
for
correspondence:
villelaclaudiaesmeralda@gmail.com
Received:
03/15/2024
Accepted:
06/15/2024
Published:
06/27/2024
Abstract.
Introduction:
In
the digital age, access to the Internet is fundamental to the daily
lives of millions of people, but it carries significant
risks to privacy and security. Objective
:
To explore the critical importance of security as an essential
digital competence for online users.
Methodology:
A
literature review and a descriptive study were carried out with 163
professionals attending a conference held in July 2023 at the College
of Humanities of Guatemala. Results
:
80.4%
of teachers have felt vulnerable when surfing the Internet and 19.6%
have not.
Conclusion:
Online
security is crucial for
protect
the
information
staff
and
create a
around
reliable
digital.
With
the
increasing
digitalization,
understand
and
practice online safety
is
essential. Digital competence and
the
use
Technological
tools insurance is essential for
a
society
further
safe.
Words
clue:
security,
network, competition
digital,
cybersecurity
La
seguridad, competencia digital esencial de los usuarios que ingresan
a la red
Resumen.
Introducción:
En
la era digital, el acceso a la red es fundamental en la vida diaria
de millones de personas, pero conlleva riesgos
significativos para la privacidad y la seguridad. Objetivo:
Explorar la importancia crítica de la seguridad como una competencia
digital esencial para los usuarios en línea.
Metodología:
Se
realizó una revisión de literatura y un estudio descriptivo con 163
profesionales asistentes a un congreso realizado en julio de 2023 en
el Colegio de Humanidades de Guatemala. Resultados:
El
80.4% de los docentes se han sentido vulnerables al navegar en la red
y un 19.6% no.
Conclusión:
La
seguridad en línea es crucial para
proteger
la
información
personal
y
crear un
entorno
digital
confiable.
Con
la
digitalización
creciente,
entender
y
practicar la seguridad en línea
es
esencial. La competencia digital y
el
uso
seguro
de herramientas tecnológicas son fundamentales para
una
sociedad
más
segura.
Palabras
clave:
seguridad,
red, competencia
digital,
ciberseguridad
Publicações
científicas
sobre
educação
a
distância
e
suas
características
Resumo.
Introdução: Na
era digital, o acesso à rede é fundamental na vida diária de
milhões de pessoas, mas traz riscos significativos
para a privacidade e a segurança. Objetivo:
Explorar
a importância crítica da segurança como uma competência digital
essencial para os usuários online. Metodología:
Foi
realizada uma revisão de literatura e um estudo descritivo com 163
profissionais
participantes de um congresso realizado em julho de 2023 no Colégio
de Humanidades da Guatemala.
Resultados:
80,4%
dos
docentes
sentiram-se
vulneráveis
ao
navegar
na
rede
e
19,6%
não.
Conclusão:
A
segurança
online
é
crucial
para
proteger
a informação pessoal e criar um ambiente digital confiável. Com a
crescente digitalização, entender e praticar a segurança online é
essencial. A competência digital e o uso seguro de ferramentas
tecnológicas são fundamentais para uma sociedade mais segura.
Palavras-chave:
segurança,
web,
competência
digital,
cibersegurança
Introduction
Online
security encompasses a range of practices and measures designed to
protect personal information.
and
sensitive user data. These practices range from the use of
strong
passwords and the
authentication
of
two
factors up to
the
regular
update of
software
and
the
ID
of
online
scams. Strong online security skills not only involve adopting these
practices, but also understanding the risks associated with phishing,
malware, and loss of privacy.
Inside
of
the
context
current,
the
security
protects
to
the
users
against
threats
cybernetics,
while
that
the
competence
digital
allows
use
the
technology
of
manner
effective
and
responsible.
Both
aspects
are
crucial in 21st century society, where much of it takes place online.
Consequently,
users who go online without a proper understanding of online security
are exposed to a range of potential threats, from the loss of
personal and financial data to exposure to fraud and cyber attacks,
the risks are varied and real. However, when users acquire online
security skills, they can take proactive steps to protect themselves
and their data. Common cybersecurity threats that can impact lives
include: ignorance, naivety and being overly trusting or careless,
malware, accounts hacked by phishing, spam or junk email, unsafe
homes with wireless networks,
data
lost,
attacks
by
Wi
Fi,
between
others,
as
it
express
(Contreras,
2023;
González
Fung, 2017; Molina, 2013; Vallejo, 2015, University of Veracruz,
n.d.).
The
Online
security also has an impact
in
the digital ecosystem. When users practice safe browsing and avoid
the spread of false information, they contribute to building a more
trustworthy and healthy digital community. It is a key component for
building
of
the
trust
in
the
grid,
it
that
to
his
time
promotes
the
stake
active
and
productive
in
online.
In addition, digital competence refers to the ability to use and
understand both technical skills, digital literacy through the use of
online assessment, identifying the use of
sources
reliable,
communication
and
creativity
digital
by
half
of
the
TIC
being
flexible
and
aware
of the constant technological evolution to which professionals must
adapt.
Methodology
For
this research, a descriptive study was carried out, thus allowing for
a detailed description to be provided.
and
precise
of
the
freak
studied;
besides,
the
temporality
HE
catalog
as
cross,
since
the data collection was carried out at a single time; also, the
approach used is mixed, thus counting on qualitative and quantitative
data for a better understanding and interpretation of results. In
addition to this, the deductive method was used starting from the
general to the specific with a population
of
163
professionals
that
attended
to
the
congress
done
in
he
month
of
July
2023
in
he
School
of
Humanities
of
Guatemala
Results
For
the information process, descriptive statistics were used, allowing
the analysis of data processed through Excel and SPSS version 29 to
link demographic data and the cybersecurity variable of users who
access the network. For the research process, participants of a
pedagogical congress with undergraduate levels and above in July 2023
were considered. Figure 1 below shows the distribution of study
subjects by academic level and sex.
Figure
1
Distribution
of
teachers
subjects
of
study
according
to
cycle
that
are
studying
and
average
general
50.%
40.%
3
Otro
Doctorado
Nivel
académico
Maestría
Licenciatura
0.0%
0.6%
0.6%
3.1%
11.0%
12.3%
28.8%
0.%
20.%
10.%
0.%
43.6%
Sex
Women
Sex
Man
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
In
Figure 1, the teachers subject to study stand out with 43.6% with a
bachelor's degree being the majority
part
women,
he
12.3%
of
the
same
level
being
men;
next
he
28.8%
possess
master's
degree, highlighting the preparation of teachers in the area in
which they work, likewise, more than 50% are included in the
generation X, which is characterized by being more selective in the
use of social media and mixed experience in technology and awareness
of online privacy. Next, Figure 2 analyzes the perception of
teachers about online security.
Figure
2
Perception
of
the
expression
security
in
the
grid
Risk
Scam Crime Danger Fraud Attack
Harassment
cybernetic
(cyberbullying)
All
the
previous
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
35.0%
3.1%
3.7%
31.3%
3.7%
4.9%
12.3%
6.1%
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
In
the
figure
former,
presents
that
the
teachers
perceive
he
term
as
a
35%
as
a
risk
to
Through
the perception of network security, it can vary depending on their
level of experience with technology; secondly, with 31.3% it is
perceived as danger and cyberbullying with 12.3% this implies that
their role as professionals has to be preventive and aware of the
importance
of
the
digitalization.
In
the
figure
3,
HE
presents
the
last
time
that
the
teachers
object
of
study
change their passwords.
Figure
3
Last
time
that
change
password
to
the
mail
electronic
25.%
2
9.2%
6.1%
3.1%
1.8%
1.2%
3.1%
4.9%
4.3%
8.0%
0.%
19.6%
19.0%
19.6%
15.%
10.%
5.%
0.%
A
month
two
months
Three
months
Six
months
One
year
Never
Sex
Woman 
Sex
Man
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
As
HE
sample
in
the
figure
former,
the
last
time
that
changed
the
password
of
his
mail
the
teachers
oscillates
between
a
19.6%
that
is
each
month,
a
19.6%
never
and
a
19%
each
year;
while
that
he
teacher
With
8% not changing their password, 6.1% doing so every year and 4.3%
every month, it is important to note that awareness of password
changes and online security practices depends on digital education.
of
the
person
and
No
HE
stereotypes
by
genres;
but,
in
this
study
to
the
be
further
of
the
54%
the
teachers
of
the
generation
X
stands out in
the
coincidence
that
are
those who never
change
your
password by means of
to
be
forgotten.
TO
root
of
this,
in
the
figure
4
HE
present
the
teachers
that
they
have
been
victims
of
hacking
of
at least one account.
Figure
4
Teachers
victim
of
hacking
of
a
account
60.%
5
3.1%
5.5%
10.4%
17.2%
16.0%
0
.%
47
.
9
%
40.%
30.%
20.%
10.%
0.%
Never
I'm
not sure Always
Sex
Female
Sex
Man
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
In
Figure 4, with 47.9% female teachers have never been victims of
hacking, in second place, with 16% male teachers have not experienced
it; however, 17.2% of women and 5.5% of men have suffered it, as a
consequence of misuse of their accounts by using very simple and very
high-risk passwords, it is necessary to emphasize that the teachers
who have suffered this scourge are from
the
generation
X
and
millennials,
for
that
that,
all
depends
of
that
They
are so polite
digitally
and be aware of online threats by always looking for secure
connections for such access. Figure 5 below shows the frequency of
use of social networks.
Figure
5
Networks
social
used
with
frequency
Facebook,
Twitter,
Instagram
TikTok,
Telegram,
WhatsApp
Facebook,
Instagram,
TikTok,
Threads, WhatsApp
Facebook,
Instagram,
TikTok,
WhatsApp
Facebook,
WhatsApp
Twitter
Facebook WhatsApp
3
15.3%
6.1%
8.6%
1.2%
0.6%
21.5%
8.0%
0.0%
3.1%
0.6%
0.0%
1.8%
0.6%
2.5%
0.%
5.%
10.%
15.%
20.%
25.%
30.%
35.%
Man
Women
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
The
figure above shows that the most used networks by teachers is
Facebook with 32.5% for women and 8.6% for men; in second place,
teachers use both Facebook
as
WhatsApp
represented
by
he
21.5%
for
women
and
a
8%
of
men;
these
data
They
are representative, since the generation X trend is to use this type
of social networks. In this sense, Figure 6 shows the followers they
have on social networks.
Figure
6
Friends
either
followers
in
networks
4
3.1%
3.7%
5.5%
12.3%
9.8%
12.3%
16.6%
0.%
36.8%
30.%
20.%
10.%
0.%
1-
50
51-
100
101-
150
151
and
further
Sex
Women 
Sex
Man
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
The
Figure
6 shows that women with
a
36.8%
have more than
151
friends as well as men with a
12.3%,
these
data
reflect
that
professionals
independently
of
his
age
to
the
work
around
with
67%
in
he
sector
university,
HE
surround
with
people
that
They
count
with
the
most
of
age
and
are
follow
them on their social networks; secondly, with 16.6%, the women in the
study have around 1 to 50 friends on social networks, as do men with
5.5%. These data show that, as they belong to the X generation, they
are more reserved on their social networks. Figure 7 below shows
participation in the virtual learning community.
Figure
7
Stake
in
a
community
virtual
of
learning
(as
organizer
either
participant)
according
to
he
area
who
serves as a pedagogue.
60.%
50.%
40.%
30.%
20.%
10.%
0.%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.9%
8.0% 8.0%
|
9.2%
|
|
|
|
0.0%0.6% 2.5%
|
|
0.0%
|
|
1.8%4.3%
|
1.8%
|
|
|
Pre-Primary
Primary
Basic
or secondary
50.9%
Diversified
University
No
I
possess
experience
No
Yeah
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
In
the
figure
7,
HE
visualize
that
he
50.9%
of
the
area
that
attend
is
in
he
area
university,
this
is
Understandable
since technological updates are constantly changing and to keep up
with technological competencies it is necessary to update oneself
with massive online courses and groups in the area in which
HE
is
to
end,
with
he
aim
of
propitiate
and
share
knowledge.
In
second
place,
9.2%
that
to
despite
that
No
possesses
experience
in
he
field
labor
of
the
teaching,
this
in
virtual
groups of
learning
by
specific topics of personal interest. Figure 8 below shows the
perception of vulnerability when browsing the Internet.
Figure
8
Perceive
vulnerability
to
the
browse
in
the
grid
70.%
6
7.4%
12.3%
17.2%
0.%
50.%
40.%
30.%
20.%
10.%
0.%
63.2%
No
Sex
Women
Sex
Man
Yes
Note.
Based
in
prosecution
of
data
in
SPSS.
The
figure above shows that 63.2% of women perceive vulnerability when
surfing the Internet.
to
the
equal
that
the
men
with
a
17.2%
this
implies
that
he
professional
use
passwords
weak,
It
uses open ports when using free internet and is not protected; as
well as viruses and all kinds of malware when entering pages without
a secure connection, the constant fake emails disguising themselves
as banks or other institutions wanting to scam users and obtain
confidential information. If this situation continues to occur, it
can be counterproductive for the professional, so they must be
careful and use secure pages for their navigation.
Discussion
In
an increasingly interconnected world, online security has become a
digital competency
essential
for
all
the
users
in
the
grid.
Grasp
and
apply
practices
safe
in
line,
No
not
only protects personal information and sensitive data, but also
contributes to the creation of a safer and more trustworthy digital
environment. Those who master this competence not only protect
themselves, but also foster a more conscious and secure digital
culture, not only at a general level but also in health system
contexts. (Caján Villanueva, M., Calderón Torres, NA, &
Administrator, 2021)
The
fast
evolution
of
the
technology
demands
a
constant
adaptation
and
update
of
knowledge.
Teachers,
in
particular,
perform
a
paper
crucial
in
this
task,
already
that
his
domain
of
the
digital
skills
No
only
influences
in
his
own
security,
but
also
in
the
of
their
students.
Is
fundamental
Educators
stay up to date with online safety best practices and tools,
integrating them into their teaching to prepare students for a safe
digital world.
In
addition to the above, digital security education must be
comprehensive and continuous, starting from basic educational levels
and extending throughout the professional life of individuals.
Training and awareness about the importance of online security must
be part of a comprehensive approach.
educational
global
that
involve
to
institutions,
governments
and
companies.
Only
to
through
of
a
joint
effort
can
be achieved
safer
digital environment
and
resilient,
capable
of
meet
the challenges of
a
world in constant change and evolution.
Conclusions
Ultimately,
online safety is a fundamental pillar for successful online
participation and
sustainable.
For
protect
our
security
and
privacy
in
line,
is
crucial
adopt
measures
preventive
measures and safe practices. For example, it is advisable not to
share the passwords for our online accounts
with
family
or friends and keep them in a safe place. This
caution
It
is vital,
especially
in
the event that personal relationships change.
Additionally,
password memorization should not be activated on shared or public
computers, as this increases the risk of our credentials being
accessible to unauthorized third parties. Taking our privacy
seriously involves not sharing or allowing access to our information.
to
less
that
sea
absolutely
necessary,
minimizing
So
he
risk
of
that
fall
in
undue hands
.
A
strategy
effective
for
minimize
the
threats
and
safeguard
the
data
in
line,
combines
he
use
security
products, such as antivirus and password managers, with common sense
and ongoing education in secure practices. Awareness and ongoing
security training are essential to
keep
protected
in
he
around
technological
in
constant
evolution.
So,
No
only
us
We
not only protect ourselves, but we also contribute to creating a
safer and more trustworthy digital environment for everyone.
References
Contreras,
R. (October 4, 2023). The
10 largest cyberattacks of the decade. Digital
Iberia 360.
https://www.computing.es/seguridad/los-10-ciberataques-mas-grandes-de-la-decada/
González
Fung, C. (2017). A complete overview of information security in the
digital world. [Third
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engineering
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computing,
challenges
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perspectives
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the
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PUCP. https://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/71344
Molina,
J. (2013). Strategic
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQQdLKe9LXQ
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About
the
authors
Claudia
Emerald
Marisol
Villela
Cervantes
Editor
of the CUNORI Multidisciplinary Science Journal, Scientific Diversity
Journal, Life Magazine, a look
complex,
and
of the
Collective
book
of
the
CUNORI,
also
is
in
charge
of
the
arbitration
of
the
three
journals
and the collective book of the School of Postgraduate Studies of the
Faculty of Humanities of the University of San Carlos of Guatemala.
Postdoctoral in Education, Research and Complexity, PhD in Education,
Master in Human Resources Administration, Information Systems
Engineer
and
Sciences
of
the
Computing.
Researcher
of
the
Address
General
of
Investigation
DIGI
of
the
University
of
Saint
Carlos
of
Guatemala,
Teaching
in
Masters
and
PhDs
in
the
University
of
Saint
Charles
of
Guatemala.
HE
plays
as
editor
of
magazines
scientific
in
the
University
of
Saint
Carlos
from Guatemala. Areas of interest in research, journal editing,
higher education, virtual education, intercultural education,
educational quality, educational technology, curriculum design,
emerging paradigms and complexity.
Barbara
Ruby
Velasquez
Monroy
With
Mastery
in
Teaching
University
with
Orientation
in
Strategies
of
Learning
Graduated
of
the
University
Center
of
East,
with
degree
in
Administration
of
Companies,
Graduated
of
the
Center
Universitario
de Oriente “CUNORI”; she has worked at the same center since 2019
to date, in the Political Sciences career in the area of economics
and research. Researcher at the General Research Directorate DIGI of
the University of San Carlos of Guatemala, she has also conducted
research in journals of
indexed
and
of
renown
as:
Strategies
of
learning
and
his
relationship
with
he
performance
academic
of
the
students
of
relations
international;
Connectivist learning theory, outstanding of the 21st century and
Virtual Education in times of Covid-19
Financing
of
the
investigation
With
resources
own.
Statement
of
interests
Declares
No
have
none
conflict
of
interests,
which
can
have
influenced
by
the
results
obtained
either
the
proposed interpretations.
Statement
of
consent
informed
He
study
HE
performed
respecting
he
Code
of
ethics
and
hello
good
practices
editorials
of
publication.
Usability
This
text
this
protected
by
the
License
Creative
Commons
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